[校园新闻] 酒店管理教育和职业生涯

酒店管理教育和职业生涯

        酒店行业——过去与现在
       酒店行业的足迹可以追溯至罗马帝国（Roman Empire），旅行者因为各种各样的原因跨越边境。贸易是出行的主要动力，而娱乐、宗教和健康则是出行的其它原因。世人所知的第一批住宿地也称作小旅馆，位于欧洲的私人家里，为旅行者提供食物、酒水和床铺。在文艺复兴期间，酒店概念开始出现，成为一种商业尝试。如今的酒店行业不仅限于食宿，如我们所知，它已经演变成为数万亿美元的全球企业。酒店行业主要包括住宿、食品服务和旅游机构。住宿机构包括酒店、汽车旅馆、赌场、度假村、住宿加早餐运营机构。食品服务运营机构包括快速服务餐厅、机构食品服务运营、全面服务餐厅、住宿食品服务机构等。旅游机构包括航空公司、游轮、旅游机构、旅游局。酒店行业的其它领域包括会展和会议中心、咨询公司和俱乐部。

你准备好在酒店行业开始冒险了吗？

       请用“是”或“否”回答以下问题，看自己是否具备在酒店行业获得成功的条件：

       a. 你是非常活泼开朗、积极乐观的人吗？

       b. 你有坚持不懈的动力和精力吗？

       c. 你具有领导力吗？

       d. 你擅长团队合作吗？

       e. 当你帮助他人时，你会获得成就感吗？

       f. 你喜欢和各行各业的人士打交道吗？

       g. 你喜欢旅游吗？

       h. 你能很好地适应改变吗？

       i.  你是一个注重细节的人吗？

       如果对于以上问题你的答案有2个或更多“是”，你就具备了进行酒店工作的一些必要的个性特质、技能和品质。在酒店行业工作的每一天都是非常不同的；每一天都会面临各种不同的挑战。酒店行业的员工竭尽全力满足顾客的需求，超出顾客的期望，并追求卓越。这些服务素质对于酒店人士在该领域脱颖而出至关重要。

       酒店行业的专业职业生涯
       酒店行业中有无数的职业机会。通常情况下，你都需要从入门水平的职位做起。住宿机构入门水平的职位可以在客房部或餐饮运营部获得。这些职位也可以在销售和营销、销售和餐饮、金融和会计或人力资源部门获得。住宿和食品服务机构的中层管理者职位包括：行政职位，如副经理或顾问。酒店企业正在将越来越多的毕业生培养成中层或更高层管理者。几年来，酒店行业对新职业的需求越来越大，例如收益经理、资产经理、房地产开发商、可持续性经理、会展策划者、搜索引擎优化和社会媒体专家，这些职位都在持续增长中。从中层管理职位爬上高层管理职位，意味着获得一个职位级别，即总监、总经理、首席财务官（Chief Financial Officer）、副总裁，甚至是总裁。获得这些职位则需要多年工作经验。策划、协调、沟通、指导、控制和决策均是大多数中高层管理者所需的管理技巧。

在美国学习酒店管理
       为什么选择美国作为你学习酒店管理的首选呢？如果你拥有在酒店行业追寻职业生涯的热情，美国会为你提供在该领域获得成功所需的方方面面的酒店教育。首先，美国大约有超过400多所认证院校提供各种本科和研究生水平的酒店学位专业课程。在高等院校学习酒店管理专业有助于你在酒店行业获得成功的职业生涯。其次，美国院校提供反映酒店行业发展变化最先进的课程。第三，美国酒店管理学校教学方法高效平衡，理论与实践相结合，向学生灌输在酒店行业中脱颖而出所需的管理技能、科学、理念、技巧和知识。第四，大多数美国酒店课程都提供实习机会。这为学生提供了获得工作经验、亮丽简历和在毕业之前获得竞争优势的机会。许多美国教育机构在校园内都设有一个职业服务部门，训练学生撰写优质简历、锻炼面试技巧、参加职业展、校园面试、获得实习帮助和工作机会等。

       美国酒店行业的未来
       美国酒店行业的发展可归因于几个因素。随着新兴经济体巴西、印度和中国的崛起，从这些国家到美国进行商务旅游和休闲旅游的人数将会越来越多。再者，美国将会面临婴儿潮人群（1946年至1964年出生于美国的人）的高需求，这个时期出生的人士将会更频繁地在美国国内旅游。随着酒店行业的不断发展，酒店行业的各个部门将继续寻找优秀的经理，对拥有专业酒店学位的人士的需求也将越来越大。酒店行业将更倾向于雇佣专业人才，不懈追求服务的卓越性。酒店专业毕业生将会具备各种让自己能够马上胜任各种工作的技能，寻找工作机会，开启21世纪新的酒店职业生涯。依靠接受过专业教育的人士来超出眼光敏锐的顾客的期望，将会继续成为酒店行业未来最优先考虑的事情。

       芝加哥肯代尔大学酒店管理学院副教授Sapna Mehta Mangal撰文！

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Education andCareers in Hospitality Management

Hospitality industry - the past and present

Signs of hospitality can be traced back to the Roman Empire, where travelers were journeying acrossborders for a myriad of reasons. Even though commerce was a primary motivator;pleasure, religion and health were other reasons for travel. The first knownaccommodations namely, inns were in private homes in Europewhere food, drinks and beds were often offered to travelers. During theRenaissance era, the inception of the hospitality concept surfaced and became acommercial endeavor. Not limited to just a room and board, the industry as weknow it today has morphed into a multitrillion dollar global enterprise. The hospitalityindustry encompasses primarily of lodging, food service, and traveland tourism sector. The lodging segment includes hotels, motels, casinos,resorts, bed and breakfast operations. The food service operations consists ofquick service restaurants, institutional food service operations, full-servicerestaurants, lodging food service just to name a few. The travel and tourismsector includes airlines, cruise lines, tour operations, and tourist bureaus.Other areas of the hospitality industry include event venues, conference andconvention centers, consulting firms, and clubs.

Are you ready to take the plunge in the hospitalityindustry?

Answer "yes" or "no" to the followingquestions to find out if you have what it takes to succeed:

• Do you     have a vibrant, outgoing, and upbeat personality?
• Do you     have the drive and energy to persevere?
• Are you     a leader?
• Are you     a team player?
• Do you     feel a sense of fulfillment when extending a helping hand to others?
• Do you     enjoy meeting people from different walks of life?
• Do you     love to travel?
• Do you     acclimatize well to change?
• Do you     have attention to detail?

If you answered "yes" to two or more questionslisted above, you possess some of the necessary personality traits, skills, andqualities to thrive in this line of work. No two days are alike in thehospitality industry; each day brings an array of challenges. Hospitalityemployees strive to anticipate customer needs, exceed expectations, and pursueexcellence. These service qualities are vital for hospitality professionals toexude in the field.

Professional careers in the hospitality industry

There are numerous career choices in the hospitalityindustry. Typically, entry level positions are procured in operations. Alodging sector entry level position may be attained in rooms division or foodand beverage operations. These positions are also available in other areas suchas sales and marketing, sales and catering, finance and accounting, or humanresource departments. Middle management opportunities in the lodging and foodservice sector include executive positions, and typically are titled AssistantManager or Supervisor. Hospitality businesses are recruiting a greater numberof college graduates at the middle management level and above. In recent years,there is a growing demand for nouveau careers within the industry; titles suchas revenue managers, asset managers, real estate developers, sustainabilitymanagers, event planners, search engine optimization and social mediaspecialists are on the rise. Climbing up the career ladder from middlemanagement to upper management positions means attaining a job title, namely, aDirector, General Manager, Chief Financial Officer, Vice President or evenPresident. These positions require a number of years of work experience.Planning, coordinating, communicating, and directing, controlling and decisionmaking are management skills expected of most middle and senior managers.

Studying hospitality management in the United States

So why choose the United States as your number one choicefor hospitality management? If you have the passion for pursuing a career inthe hospitality industry, the United  States offers all the facets of hospitalityeducation needed to succeed in the field. Firstly, there are over 400accredited colleges and universities that offer a multitude of hospitalitydegree majors at the undergraduate and post-graduate level. A hospitalitymanagement major at a college or university can springboard into a successfulcareer in the industry. Secondly, US colleges and universities offer solidcurriculums that are current, and mirror the changing landscape of thehospitality industry. Thirdly, United States hospitalitymanagement schools strike a good balance; they provide a practicalapproach to hospitality and instill strong management skills, science,concepts, techniques, and knowledge needed to excel in the industry. Fourthly,embedded into most United  States hospitality curriculums areinternship opportunities. This provides students an opportunity to attain workexperience, boost their resume and gain a competitive edge prior to graduation.Many USeducation institutes have a career service department on campus, where studentsare coached to write good resumes, brush up on their interviewing skills,partake in career fairs and on campus interviews, get assistance withinternship and job searches, etc.

The hospitality industry's future in the United States

United States hospitality industry growth can be attributed to afew factors. With a rise of emerging markets like Brazil,India and China there will be a greater propensity totravel to the United Statesfrom these countries for business and leisure. Moreover, the United States will be faced with a rising demandfrom the baby booming segment (those born in the United States from 1946-1964); thissegment will have a higher tendency to travel domestically. As the hospitalityindustry continues to grow, employers from all sectors of the industry willcontinue to seek out executives, and a demand for professional hospitalitydegrees will continue to be on an incline. The hospitality industry will bemore apt to employ professional talent to relentlessly pursue serviceexcellence. Graduating hospitality students will be equipped with skills to hitthe ground running, pursue job opportunities and seek fulfilling newhospitality careers of the 21st century. Relying on people with professionaleducation to exceed the expectations of the discerning guest will continue tobe the utmost priority of the hospitality industry in the future.

By Sapna Mehta Mangal; Associate Professor, School ofHospitality Management, Kendall College, Chicago;

【原文引自】：http://www.gheac.com/thread-2493-1-4.html

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